Routing concepts

Standard names in the Tables below that contain instantaneous in the quantity part of the standard name can be valid for an internal time step (for example for kinematic wave routing an internal time step is optional (and recommended), with a time step equal to the model simulation time step the standard name nonetheless contains instantaneous) and thus considered instantaneous compared to the model simulation time step Δt $[\mathrm{s}]$.

Water bodies

Lakes

Generic input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
lake_location__count	Outlet of the lakes in which each lake has a unique id	-	-
lake_area__count	Lake coverage	-	-

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
lake_surface__area	Area of the lake	m²	-
lake_water__rating_curve_coefficient	Rating curve coefficient	-	-
lake_water__rating_curve_exponent	Rating curve exponent	-	-
lake_water_flow_threshold-level__elevation	Water level threshold, below this level outflow is zero	m	-
lake~lower_location__count	Index of lower lake (linked lakes)	-	0
lake_water__storage_curve_type_count	Type of lake storage curve	-	-
lake_water__rating_curve_type_count	Type of lake rating curve	-	-
lake_water_surface__initial_elevation	Water level of lake (used for initialization)	m	-

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
lake_water_surface__instantaneous_elevation	Lake water level	m

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
lake_water__volume	Lake volume	m³
lake_water__instantaneous_volume	Lake volume	m³
lake_water_surface__elevation	Lake water level	m
lake_water~outgoing__volume_flow_rate	Outflow of the lake	m³ s⁻¹
lake_water~incoming__volume_flow_rate	Inflow into the lake	m³ s⁻¹
lake_water__evaporation_volume_flux	Average actual evaporation over the lake area	mm Δt⁻¹
lake_water__precipitation_volume_flux	Average precipitation over the lake area	mm Δt⁻¹
lake_water__potential_evaporation_volume_flux	Average potential evaporation over the lake area	mm Δt⁻¹

Reservoirs

Generic input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
reservoir_location__count	Outlet of the reservoirs in which each reservoir has a unique id	-	-
reservoir_area__count	Reservoir coverage	-	-

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
reservoir_surface__area	Area of the reservoir	m²	-
reservoir_water_demand~required~downstream__volume_flow_rate	Minimum (environmental) flow released from reservoir	m³ s⁻¹	-
reservoir_water_release-below-spillway__max_volume_flow_rate	Maximum amount that can be released if below spillway	m³ s⁻¹	-
reservoir_water__max_volume	Maximum volume (above which water is spilled)	m³	-
reservoir_water~full-target__volume_fraction	Target fraction full (of max storage)	-	-
reservoir_water~min-target__volume_fraction	Target minimum full fraction (of max storage)	-	-

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
reservoir_water__instantaneous_volume	Reservoir volume	m³

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
reservoir_water__volume	Reservoir volume	m³
reservoir_water~outgoing__volume_flow_rate	Outflow of the reservoir	m³ s⁻¹
reservoir_water~incoming__volume_flow_rate	Inflow into the reservoir	m³ s⁻¹
reservoir_water__evaporation_volume_flux	Average actual evaporation over the reservoir area	mm Δt⁻¹
reservoir_water__precipitation_volume_flux	Average precipitation over the reservoir area	mm Δt⁻¹
reservoir_water__potential_evaporation_volume_flux	Average potential evaporation over the reservoir area	mm Δt⁻¹

Kinematic wave

River flow

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
river_water_flow__manning_n_parameter	Manning’s roughness	s m${}^{-\frac{1}{3}}$	0.036
river_bank_water__depth	Bankfull river depth	m	1.0
river__slope	River slope	m m⁻¹	-
river_water_inflow~external__volume_flow_rate	External inflow into the river (negative for abstractions)	m³ s⁻¹	-

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
river_water__instantaneous_volume_flow_rate	River discharge	m³ s⁻¹
river_water__instantaneous_depth	River water depth	m

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
river_water__volume_flow_rate	River discharge	m³ s⁻¹
river_water__depth	River water depth	m
river_water__volume	River water volume	m³
river_water__instantaneous_volume	River water volume	m³
river_water_inflow~lateral__volume_flow_rate	Lateral inflow into the river	m³ s⁻¹
river_water_abstraction~external__volume_flow_rate	Actual abstraction based on external negative inflow	m³ s⁻¹

Overland flow

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
land_surface_water_flow__manning_n_parameter	Manning’s roughness	s m${}^{-\frac{1}{3}}$	0.072
land_surface__slope	Land surface slope	m m⁻¹	-

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
land_surface_water__instantaneous_volume_flow_rate	Discharge overland flow	m³ s⁻¹
land_surface_water__instantaneous_depth	Water depth overland flow	m

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
land_surface_water__volume_flow_rate	Discharge overland flow	m³ s⁻¹
land_surface_water~to-river__volume_flow_rate	Discharge overland flow that flows to the river	m³ s⁻¹
land_surface_water__depth	Water depth overland flow	m
land_surface_water__volume	Water volume overland flow	m³
land_surface_water__instantaneous_volume	Water volume overland flow	m³

Lateral subsurface flow

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
subsurface_water__horizontal-to-vertical_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity_ratio	A muliplication factor applied to vertical hydraulic conductivity	-	-
land_surface__slope	Land surface slope	m m⁻¹	-

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
subsurface_water__volume_flow_rate	Subsurface flow	m³ day⁻¹

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
subsurface_water_sat-zone_top__depth	Pseudo-water table depth (top of the saturated zone)	m
subsurface_water__exfiltration_volume_flux	Exfiltration (groundwater above surface level, saturated excess conditions)	mm Δt⁻¹
subsurface_water~to-river__volume_flow_rate	Part of subsurface flow that flows to the river	m³ day⁻¹

Local inertial

River flow

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
river__length	River length	m	-
model_boundary_condition~river__length	Boundary condition river length downstream river outlets	m	10 000
river__width	River width	m	-
model_boundary_condition~river_bank_water__depth	Boundary condition bankfull depth downstream river outlets	m	0.0
river_bank_water__elevation	Bankfull elevation of the river	m	-
river_bank_water__depth	Bankfull depth of the river	m	-
river_water_flow__manning_n_parameter	Manning’s roughness	s m${}^{-\frac{1}{3}}$	0.0036
river_water_inflow~external__volume_flow_rate	External inflow into the river (negative for abstractions)	m³ s⁻¹	-

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
river_water__instantaneous_volume_flow_rate	River discharge	m³ s⁻¹
river_water__instantaneous_depth	River water depth	m

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
river_water__volume_flow_rate	River (+ floodplain) discharge	m³ s⁻¹
river_water__depth	River water depth	m
river_water__volume	River water volume	m³
river_water__instantaneous_volume	River water volume	m³
river_water_abstraction~external__volume_flow_rate	Actual abstraction based on external negative inflow	m³ s⁻¹

1D floodplain flow

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
floodplain_water__sum_of_volume-per-depth	Floodplain profile (cumulative volume per flood depth)	m³	-
floodplain_water_flow__manning_n_parameter	Manning’s roughness	s m${}^{-\frac{1}{3}}$	0.072

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
floodplain_water__instantaneous_volume_flow_rate	Floodplain discharge	m³ s⁻¹
floodplain_water__instantaneous_depth	Floodplain water depth	m

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
floodplain_water__volume	Floodplain volume	m³
floodplain_water__instantaneous_volume	Floodplain volume	m³
floodplain_water__volume_flow_rate	Floodplain discharge	m³ s⁻¹

Overland flow

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
land_surface_water_flow__manning_n_parameter	Manning’s roughness	s m${}^{-\frac{1}{3}}$	0.072
land_surface_water_flow__ground_elevation	Elevation of each cell	m	-

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
land_surface_water__x_component_of_instantaneous_volume_flow_rate	Flow in x direction	m³ s⁻¹
land_surface_water__y_component_of_instantaneous_volume_flow_rate	Flow in y direction	m³ s⁻¹
land_surface_water__instantaneous_depth	Water depth	m

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
land_surface_water__depth	Water depth	m
land_surface_water__volume	Total surface water storage of cell (including river storage for river cells)	m³
land_surface_water__instantaneous_volume	Total surface water storage of cell (including river storage for river cells)	m³

Groundwater flow

Unconfined aquifer

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
land_surface__elevation	Land surface elevation conductivity	m	-
subsurface_surface_water__horizontal_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity	Horizontal conductivity	m day⁻¹	-
subsurface_water__specific_yield	Specific yield	m m⁻¹	-
subsurface__horizontal_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity_scale_parameter	Factor controlling the reduction of horizontal conductivity with depth	-	-

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
subsurface_water__hydraulic_head	Groundwater head	m

River boundary

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
river_water__infiltration_conductance	River bed infiltration conductance	m² day⁻¹	-
river_water__exfiltration_conductance	River bed exfiltration conductance	m² day⁻¹	-
river_bottom__elevation	River bottom elevation	m	-
river_water_inflow~external__volume_flow_rate	External inflow into the river (negative for abstractions)	m³ s⁻¹	-

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
river_water~to-subsurface__volume_flow_rate	Exchange flux (river to aquifer)	m³ day⁻¹

Drainage boundary

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
land_drain__elevation	Drain elevation	m	-
land_drain__conductance	Drain conductance	m² day⁻¹	-
land_drain_location__mask	Drain location	-	-

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
land_drain_water~to-subsurface__volume_flow_rate	Exchange flux (drain to aquifer)	m³ day⁻¹

Recharge boundary

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
subsurface_water_sat-zone_top__net_recharge_volume_flow_rate	Net recharge flux	m³ day⁻¹

Constant head boundary

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
model_boundary_condition~constant_hydraulic_head	Head of the boundary	m	-

Sediment

Transport capacity Overland flow

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
sediment__particle_density	Particle density	kg m⁻³	2650.0
land_surface_sediment__median_diameter	Particle median diameter	mm	0.1
clay__mean_diameter	Clay mean diameter	μm	2.0
silt__mean_diameter	Silt mean diameter	μm	10.0
sand__mean_diameter	Sand mean diameter	μm	200.0
sediment_aggregates~small__mean_diameter	Small aggregates mean diameter	μm	30.0
sediment_aggregates~large__mean_diameter	Large aggregates mean diameter	μm	500.0
land_surface_water_sediment__govers_transport_capacity_coefficient	Govers transport capacity coefficient	-	0.000505
land_surface_water_sediment__govers_transport_capacity_exponent	Govers transport capacity exponent	-	4.27

Transport capacity River

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
river_sediment__median_diameter	Particle median diameter	mm	0.1
river_water_sediment__bagnold_transport_capacity_coefficient	Bagnold transport capacity coefficient	-	-
river_water_sediment__bagnold_transport_capacity_exponent	Bagnold transport capacity exponent	-	-
river_water_sediment__kodatie_transport_capacity_a-coefficient	Kodatie transport capacity coefficient a	-	-
river_water_sediment__kodatie_transport_capacity_b-coefficient	Kodatie transport capacity coefficient b	-	-
river_water_sediment__kodatie_transport_capacity_c-coefficient	Kodatie transport capacity coefficient c	-	-
river_water_sediment__kodatie_transport_capacity_d-coefficient	Kodatie transport capacity coefficient d	-	-

Overland flow transport

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
land_surface_water_sediment_transport_capacity__mass_flow_rate	Total sediment transport capacity	ton Δt⁻¹
land_surface_water_clay_transport_capacity__mass_flow_rate	Clay transport capacity	ton Δt⁻¹
land_surface_water_sediment~to-river__mass_flow_rate	Total sediment flux flowing into the river	ton Δt⁻¹
land_surface_water_clay~to-river__mass_flow_rate	Clay flux flowing into the river	ton Δt⁻¹
land_surface_water_silt~to-river__mass_flow_rate	Silt flux flowing into the river	ton Δt⁻¹
land_surface_water_sand~to-river__mass_flow_rate	Sand flux flowing into the river	ton Δt⁻¹
land_surface_water_aggregates~small~to-river__mass_flow_rate	Small aggregates flux flowing into the river	ton Δt⁻¹
land_surface_water_aggregates~large~to-river__mass_flow_rate	Large aggregates flux flowing into the river	ton Δt⁻¹
land_surface_water_sediment__mass_flow_rate	Total sediment flux	ton Δt⁻¹

River erosion

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
river_bottom-and-bank_sediment__median_diameter	Median diameter in the river bed/bank	mm	0.1

River transport

Input

Standard Name	Description	Unit	Default
reservoir_surface__area	Reservoir surface area	m²	-
lake_surface__area	Lake surface area	m²	-
reservoir_water_sediment~bedload__trapping_efficiency	Reservoir sediment bedload trapping efficiency	-	1.0
river_bottom-and-bank_clay__mass_fraction	River bed/bank content clay	-	0.15
river_bottom-and-bank_silt__mass_fraction	River bed/bank content silt	-	0.65
river_bottom-and-bank_sand__mass_fraction	River bed/bank content sand	-	0.15
river_bottom-and-bank_gravel__mass_fraction	River bed/bank content gravel	-	0.05
clay__mean_diameter	Clay mean diameter	µm	2.0
silt__mean_diameter	Silt mean diameter	µm	10.0
sand__mean_diameter	Sand mean diameter	µm	200.0
sediment_aggregates~small__mean_diameter	Small aggregates mean diameter	µm	30.0
sediment_aggregates~large__mean_diameter	Large aggregates mean diameter	µm	500.0
gravel__mean_diameter	Gravel mean diameter	µm	2000.0

States

Standard Name	Description	Unit
river_bed_clay__mass	Clay stored on the river bed after deposition	ton
river_bed_silt__mass	Silt stored on the river bed after deposition	ton
river_bed_sand__mass	Sand stored on the river bed after deposition	ton
river_bed_aggregates~small__mass	Small aggregates stored on the river bed after deposition	ton
river_bed_aggregates~large__mass	Large aggregates stored on the river bed after deposition	ton
river_bed_gravel__mass	Gravel stored on the river bed after deposition	ton
river_water_clay__mass	Clay left in cell	ton
river_water_silt__mass	Silt left in cell	ton
river_water_sand__mass	Sand left in cell	ton
river_water_aggregates~small__mass	Small aggregates left in cell	ton
river_water_aggregates~large__mass	Large aggregates left in cell	ton
river_water_gravel__mass	Gravel left in cell	ton?
river_water_clay__mass_flow_rate	Sediment flux (clay)	ton Δt⁻¹
river_water_silt__mass_flow_rate	Sediment flux (silt)	ton Δt⁻¹
river_water_sand__mass_flow_rate	Sediment flux (sand)	ton Δt⁻¹
river_water_aggregates~small__mass_flow_rate	Sediment flux (small aggregates)	ton Δt⁻¹
river_water_aggregates~large__mass_flow_rate	Sediment flux (large aggregates)	ton Δt⁻¹
river_water_gravel__mass_flow_rate	Sediment flux (gravel)	ton Δt⁻¹

Output

Standard Name	Description	Unit
river_water_sediment~bedload__mass_concentration	Bed load sediment concentration in the river	g m⁻³
river_water_sediment~suspended__mass_concentration	Suspended sediemnt concentration in the river	g m⁻³
river_water_sediment__mass_concentration	Total sediment concentration in the river	g m⁻³
river_water_sediment_erosion__mass	Total sediment erosion (from store + direct river bed/bank)	ton Δt⁻¹
river_water_sediment_deposition__mass	Total sediment deposition	ton Δt⁻¹